taxon - translation to Αγγλικά
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taxon - translation to Αγγλικά

GROUP OF ONE OR MORE ORGANISM(S), WHICH A TAXONOMIST ADJUDGES TO BE A UNIT
Taxa; Subtaxon; Supertaxon; Taxum; Fish taxa; Taxonomic group; Polytypic taxon; Taxxon; Taxon (biology); Taxons; TAXON
  • [[African elephant]]s form the [[genus]] ''Loxodonta'', a widely accepted taxon.

taxon         
n. cladogram, diagram depicting the evolution and ancestry of a particular group of organisms (Biology); group, bunch; ensemble, band, unit

Ορισμός

taxon
['taks?n]
¦ noun (plural taxa 'taks?) Biology a taxonomic group of any rank.
Origin
1920s: back-form. from taxonomy.

Βικιπαίδεια

Taxon

In biology, a taxon (back-formation from taxonomy; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping.

Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in Systema Naturae, 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the introduction of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's Flore françoise, and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle's Principes élémentaires de botanique. Lamarck set out a system for the "natural classification" of plants. Since then, systematists continue to construct accurate classifications encompassing the diversity of life; today, a "good" or "useful" taxon is commonly taken to be one that reflects evolutionary relationships.

Many modern systematists, such as advocates of phylogenetic nomenclature, use cladistic methods that require taxa to be monophyletic (all descendants of some ancestor). Their basic unit, therefore, the clade is equivalent to the taxon, assuming that taxa should reflect evolutionary relationships. Similarly, among those contemporary taxonomists working with the traditional Linnean (binomial) nomenclature, few propose taxa they know to be paraphyletic. An example of a long-established taxon that is not also a clade is the class Reptilia, the reptiles; birds and mammals are the descendants of animals traditionally classed as reptiles, but neither are included in the Reptilia (birds are traditionally placed in the class Aves, and mammals in the class Mammalia).

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για taxon
1. Le Littré nous apprend que «taxon» est issu d‘une racine grecque, taxis, évoquant le bon ordre, le rang.
2. Pris au premier degré – encore une catégorie – «taxon», fait quand męme bien klaxonner la langue. © Le Temps, 2006 . Droits de reproduction et de diffusion réservés.
3. Le mot vient de la taxinomie, la classification des ętres vivants, inaugurée par le Suédois Carl von Linné («Linnaeus» avant son ennoblissement, 1707–1778), un savant de ces Lumi';res que notre journal évoque ces jours (lire en page 13). Le taxon désigne un groupe dans l‘ordonnancement du vivant, quel que soit son niveau.
4. L‘encyclopédie en ligne Wikipédia donne un exemple: «Canis lupus, le loup, est un taxon de plus bas niveau que la catégorie esp';ce.» La liste des taxons comprend le r';gne, l‘embranchement, la classe, l‘ordre, la famille, la tribu, le genre, l‘esp';ce et la race, ou variété. Pour se souvenir des termes les plus importants de cette liste par leur initiale, les amateurs recourent au mot–clé «recofge» (R';gne, Embranchement, etc.). Chaque catégorie ŕ ses déclinaisons, on parlera de sous–embranchement, de sous–classe ou d‘infraclasse.